SHALJAM (TURNIP) SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY – PAKISTAN GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES
Overview:
Turnip (Shaljam) is a cool-season root vegetable grown for its tender, sweet roots and nutritious greens. Proper seed selection and cultivation practices ensure high yield and quality produce.
Seed and Sowing Details:
- Seed Rate: 400 grams per acre.
- Sowing Time:
- Rabi Season: October to November (ideal for cooler temperatures).
- Seed Treatment: Treat seeds with a fungicide (e.g., Captan or Thiram) to prevent fungal diseases before sowing.
- Sowing Method:
- Broadcasting: Seeds are spread evenly across the field.
- Line Sowing: Maintain rows 25-30 cm apart for uniform growth.
- Planting Depth: Sow seeds shallowly, approximately 1-1.5 cm deep.
Soil and Field Preparation:
- Soil Type: Loose, well-drained sandy loam or clay loam soil with high organic matter is ideal.
- pH Range: 5.5 to 6.8.
- Land Preparation: Plow the field 2-3 times to achieve a fine tilth and mix organic manure thoroughly.
- Fertilizer Application:
- Basal Dose: Apply 1-2 tons of well-decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) per acre.
- Nitrogen (N): 25-30 kg per acre.
- Phosphorus (P): 15-20 kg per acre.
- Potassium (K): 15 kg per acre.
Water Management:
- First Irrigation: Immediately after sowing to ensure seed germination.
- Subsequent Irrigations: At intervals of 10-15 days, depending on soil moisture and weather conditions. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Weed Control:
- Perform weeding 2-3 times during the growing period to minimize competition for nutrients and water.
Pest and Disease Management:
- Aphids: Use an insecticide like Imidacloprid or Neem-based sprays.
- Fungal Diseases (e.g., Downy Mildew): Apply fungicides like Mancozeb at recommended doses.
Harvesting and Yield:
- Harvesting Time: 45-60 days after sowing or when roots reach a suitable size (5-10 cm diameter).
- Yield: Approximately 8-10 tons of roots and 2-3 tons of greens per acre under optimal conditions.
Additional Tips:
- Use certified seeds for higher yield and quality.
- Ensure proper sunlight and adequate spacing for uniform growth.
- Monitor the field regularly for pest and disease outbreaks.
